Internal-combustion engine



June 19, 1928. v 1,674,290v

M. MACKIE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE` Filed vJune 25, 1923 E .'5 f1 I i illlim a lul-"UIMM y lllll'vvlllll /7 Mtchgll Me:k1a

the engine cylinders Patented June 19, i928.

stares v rareza MrToHELm Mmmm, or WAUKESHA; Wisconsin.v

INTERNAL-consumen nnernn.

Application lerl June 25,

This .invention relates t-o certain newA and useful improvements in attachments for internal combustionv engines more especially Vdesigned yfor use on :engines of that type ein- 5 ployed as a motive power for vehicles.

Much diiiiculty is experienced in starting automotive vehicle engines under all Aconditions, it being necessary to close the choke or air inlet ot the 4carburetor to thus )supply Withvraw fuel. vThis manner oi2 starting the engine While apparently serving its purpose, is very injurious as but a small traction'of the raw charge drawn into the cylinders isignited, the un? ig'nited Tliuel leaking past thefpistons and di- ,lutinp` the lubricating oil 'of thecrank case. Not only is this manner 'otstarting very injurious by reason 'of crank case dilution, but the raw fuel' -tlo'ods`or vdampen's the spa-rk, often-times hindering` more than 'assisting the startingI operation. Y f' The desirablev manner of primingorstartiup; an internal combustion Vengine is to 'irst subject the initial or priming charge to heat sufficient to vaporiiz'e Ior i breakdown :the

heavier particles thereof to acilitate the v thorough atomizing" the charge :prior vto its entry into thecyi'nders,vv thus eliminating dainpening ot' Vth-e'spark and reducingcranli case dilution to a minimum. 1

It is, therefore, `an object o-this invention to 'providey a. ldevice tor reducing the initial or priming charger to a state Where a thoroughly atomized combustible mixture is obl'ainableand Yspark 'dampening or floodand crankV case dilution are practically eliminated.

Several devices have :been placed on the market seeking to provide means for heating the initial or priming lcharge of yinternal combustion engines allot which are impractical in that the energy consumed7 in proportion to the eiieotive 4Work produced, excessive as aresult of which the battery drain -is'severe and `an over-load often produced which is to be avoided-atall times.

Havingthisin minchit is another object oi my invention to provide a device for heating; the initialor primi-ng charge vof an internal combustion engine which is so conlstruct'ed and de-signed as to thoroughly atom- 'ize the heavier unvaporized partieles ofthe Viaiel, whereby-'af minimum expenditure of 'energy 1s required to produce an eilicientV result. v A y i It is another object of this vinvent-ion to provide an attaehnrent llor internal combustion engines` ol2 the 'character described llav-V ing means lier supplying air 'to/the vaporized und atomized vpriming 'charge whereby .la

.high-ly combustible mixture isv supplied'the engine' cylinders for the starting operation.

Another objoetionablefeature of` the de vices of this `character nowv on the market is that no positive means 'is rprovid-ed for completelydisconnecting the instrument from in fthe provisionotfooo-rdinated but independent means for instantly conneoting'itlie yinlet oit the Yattachment Withthe vfue] supply and the outlet thereof with t'h'ei engine. fcylinders'upon connectionV ot'- the heating4 element thereof with afsource vot"energy,and

tor instantly closing theV inlet and outlet upon the disconnection' of the `heating-.element trom its .source ofen'ergy.

And a still further 'object of this invention resides in the provisionof ian attachment for supplying apriming charge to a cylinderthe outlet Aetr which forms .a complete carburete'r in itself havingv an air inlet, a fuel supply; and a venturi. leading to amixing chamber wherein the ai and atoinized'fuel are thoroughly commingled prior to entering 'the engine cylinders.

i lNit-h the above and other objects in view.

which will laprwar as the description pro- -oeedsv` my invention resides in Jthe nov'elfo'onstruction, combination and arrangementof parts substantially as'hereinafter described and more particularly deiuedfby" thej'appended claims, it 'being understood :that such changes in theprecise embodiment fthe herein disclosed inventionmay bemadef'as 'come Within tliebseope fot Athefolairns`- fn the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated one" complete example of vthe physical embodiment ot my inventionfcon-- Vir Y surrounding the inner end of the plunger plane of the line of Figure 2, the end cap member thereof being removed. My improved device is capable of use with any design of automotive engine and Twin the drawing, in ivfhicih like numerals designate like parts throughout the several views,v4 designates a pipe line connected with a fuel supply, vnot shown, and 5 an .outlet pipe adapted to be connected with the cylinder orvcylinders.l of the engine to ywhich the device or instrument is attached preferably by` being connected With the ini takevmanifold thereof, not shown.

The line 4 is connected with one end of a'eylinder or tubularcasing' by a nipple or union 7 the inner end ofwhich is counter-bored, as at 8, to provide a seat kfor a ball valve 9 which is normally spring urged to closing position byvevan armature or.

plunger 10. Cylinder-6 is preferably constructed of tubing having Aits ends closed by'removable end plugs or caps 6,. The upper ,end of plunger lOis mounted in thc bore 11 of a eorejinember 12, the lower end 13 of which is threaded in an opening in the casing vdiainetrically opposed the inlet recess 8'." The plunger 10 is constructed of iron and'has a' head 14 on itsV inner end, a. spring 'and being confined between the end 13 of the core andsaid lieadtonorinally urge the ball9 to closed position. e

Core 12 is formed With an enlargement 16 adjacent'itstlireaded end 13 to provide a shoulder abutting the Wall ofcvlinder 6 and the inner end plate or Washer 17 which, With a easing or housing 18 and an `outer `end plate or Washer 19, encloses a coil 20 Wound around the core. When energized, coil 20 draws the plunger 10 up- Wardly against spring 15, and With it ball 9 to free the inlet opening. The open- ,iiig movement of ball 9 is adjustable by means of a set screw 21 threaded in the upper end of bore 11 and adapted to 'limit the upward movement ofthe plunger.V `1

The head 14 `is preferably offbrass or other*` non-corrosive material 'to guard against a change in the adjustment of the Vinlet valve by vthe formation of corrosion y onA the end of the plunger,

as the present day motor fuels contain considerable moisture. Y i

The thicknessof the metal of head V14 covering the-end of plunger 1Q is slight in vits other end 'connected order to permit the magnetism of the plunger to lift the ball ivitli itivlien they` coil 2O is energized.

rlllie end of the cylinder remote from the inlet, is provided with a pairof dian'ietrically opposed openings 22 and 23 and threaded in opening 22- is the loiver end 24 of a core iiieniber l25, the bore. 26 of which -is provided in its lower portion with a vent/uri 27for the purpose -hereinafter described.

Core 25 is formed with an enlarged portion 28 to provide a shoulder abutting the Wall of the cylinder and the inner end plate or Washer 29 which, with a casing 30 and an uppery end-plate 31, eneloses and protects a-coil 32 Wound around the core, ,the coil and itsenclosing casing being'held in position `by a reinovablefcoupling or union'SB, the male end 34-of which is threaded in the upper end of the bore 26 and the female end of which receives the outlet 5.

The venturi 27 terminates at a point cent the centerV of the coil 32 and ar yWeb or 'transverse partition 3571's formed in the -boie to provide a stop against which a ball valve 36 is held by coil 32, when energized,i

'against the suction created in the outlet by the engine cylinders. yWith Athe engine running, ballo is-'held in engagement With the end 34 ofthe coupling 35, when coil 32 is de# "energized, to elosetheoutlet and disconnect the instrument and therengine intake` Y Vldouiitedin"the cylinder 6 is aA heating coill or resistancevr element 37, one end'. of

which is grounded to the cylinder adjacent i 38, and the other end .of Which issecured, which is insulatedfroin the casing Wall by suitable material 41. One end ofthe coil 20 is grounded to the instrument inv the conventional inanner, not-shown, and the other end thereof has a lead 42 electricallycon-V iiected to the terminal 40. The coil 32 has one end grounded to the instrument inthe conventional manner, not illustrated,` and ivith the terminal 40 the inlet, as at by a lead 43. y K

With this structure the battery or other source of energy isgi'ounded to the frame Aof the engine to .which tlieappliance is attached and the posadjal `as at 39, toa terminal 40 l Ofi (the negative side of i itive side `thereof isy connected with a suitable control switch, `not shown, froml Which runs` a v leadv44` to the terminal 40 so that upon closing of the switch the coils 20 and 32 are simultaneously'energize-d to hold the valves 9 and 36 open and vthe coil 37 is heated'lto reduce or vaporize the fuels enten ing the instrument.

37 and that part 'thereof The fuel entering the cylinder- 6 partly submerges the coil .projecting above lthe fuel level provides disengaging surfaces from which the vaporized fuel is given oil", the vaporized fuelpassing outwardly from `the, cylinder. through the iger-4,2910

venturi; Arsv the supplying of a priming charge to theV cyhndervof onlyl atomized or v-aporizedI fuelfis to be avoided', it is desirable that the proper volumel of air be coin- 'able by gravity'to normally Vclose thev same,

the engine suction in the casing 6 opening the valve 46 toy permit the required volume of air to enter the instrument.

As the fuels onthe market to-day are of very loiv grade, experience has illustrated that a large portion thereof .will not vaporize under the degree of heat it is practical to generate in an. instrument of this character and to properly dispose ofV these heavier particles, a' jet or hollow stem member 47 is lsecured in the casing with its Har-- Ving or jet end 48 positioned in the venturi outwardly of its point of maximum constriction. The member i7 is seeuredin the casing byj a scre'uT head 49 formedv on its loiver end andthi'eaded in the opening 23. The

bore of the jet has an opening therein whereby the heavier portions of the fuel are drawn therethrough and thoroughly atomized and coinmingled 'with the vaporized fuell and air to produce a highly combustibley priming charge.

By introducing the air rat the outlet end of the inst-run'ient, danger of ignition inthe instrument is, eliminated and preexpansion of the air is prevented, thus producing a. misture ofv air highly charged with vapor ized and atomized fuel. rhe ball valvee f traps the vapor generated in the cylinder 6 up to the time the engine, With which it is conn'ected,vstarts vivhen the suction created thereby opens the same against .the `force ofv gravity as previously described. This valve also provides 'a protection against the leakage: from' thefinstrument of any fuel that may accumulate in the cylinder' 6 due to a leak at the valve 9.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying` drawings it Willi bel readily obvious that I provide an .instrument which, by reason of the valve controlled inlet and' outlet, is absolutely disconnected from the engine when. the same is inoperative; which provides the engine With a highly combustible priming charge to thus eliminate crank case dilutionV andi spark dampeiiing or flooding, and which, in gen*- eral, facilitates the starting of tli'eengine and,'by reason of its construction.l is pesi'- tive of operation and substantially proof against tampering.

Alllhat l claim as my invention:

l. A wdevice of the Vcharacter described, comprising a chamber, a fuel inlet conivmunicating` with the chamber` a tubular member communicating With' the chamber and providing: an outlet therefor, la magnet 'coil wound about said tubularmembeii, andy valve meansV operable by the`V creation .of a suction in the tubular member to close the outlet, said@ valve means-being held in open posit-ion `upon ei-iergization of said magnet coil.v v

2 A. device4 of thek character described, comprising a chamber, azjfuel inlet commun-ieating with the` chamber, a tubular member communicating-with the chamber andproviding an outlet therefor, a magnet vv,coil Wound" about said tubular member, an out# let t'ube leading from ther bore of Saidtubular member, a valve seat ati the inner end-oi said outlet tube', and avaliie member in the outlet and' operable to` engage the valve seat to closey the outlet, said magnet coil, upon eneigization, holding saidE valve member lin open position. l v

3. A device of the character described, comprisinga chamber, a fuel. inlet communicating with the chamber, a tubular member communicating with the chamber and providing anoutlet therefor, amagnet coil Y Woundl about-said tubular member, an outlet tube leading from;l the boie'of said tubular member, a valve seat at the inner end of saidA outlet tube, and ar valve member in the bore of said tubular member and adapted to be attracted toward said` valve'seat upon creation of a suction iii theoutlet tube vto close'the4 outlet, saidmagnet coil, upon enerization exert-infr a magneticV force on saidr valve. member to hold the same out of engagement with the valve seat. 1

42A: device of thev characterv described, comprising a chamber, a fuel inlet communieat-ingwith the: chamber, a tubular member vcommunicating Withl the'ehamber; and providing an' outlet therefor, aV magnet Ycoil Wound about said tubular member, an outlet tube leading from therbore of said tubular i member, a Valve seaty at the inner end .of said outlet tube, al valve member in the bore of said tubular memberand adapted lto be' attracted towards said valve seat' upon creation of a suction inA the outlet tube to closet-he" outlet, said magnet coil, upon cnergization, exerting a magnetic force on Asaid val'vemember to-'lioldv the same out of en-` gagement Withthe valve seat, and' a stop inthe borel of said tubular member adjacent they Vcenter of theV magnetic forces of said` coil; yandil against which said valve is held upon energization of thef coil. Y

5.',A device? of the clfiss described, comprising a chamber, a fuel: inlet communicatingtherewith, a fuel outlet leading therefrom, a heating member disposed vin said chamber: andA adapted to heat fuel passing therethrough, vallve meansfor closing the s inlet member` valve means for closing; the outlet, andf means operable upon: connection.

ofthefvheating member withr source of enoutletV closment mounted therein, a fuel inlet connectiblel with the fuel chamber, an outlet connected with said chamber, valve means normally closing said inlet, valve means oper'- able to close said outlet-upon creation of a suction therein, and means operable to simultaneously actuati-iv the'inlet and out-let valves to hold the same open. 1

7. A device of the character described, comprising a fuel chamber, 'a heating? element-mounted therein, afuel inlet connect- -ible with the fuelc`hamber, an outlet connected'with said chamber, valve means vnormally closingsaid inlet, valve means operable to close said outlet upon creation o-f a suction therein, and means operable to simultaneouslyactuate the` inlet and outlet valves to hold the same open upon connection of the heating-element with a source of energy. Y

8. A device of the character described, comprising achamber, a fuel supply inlet connectible with the chamber, anoutlet leading from the chamber, a valve adaptedn to seat in the mouth of said inlet, a centrally bored core member secured to the casing "with its bore communicating therewith diametrically opposite said'inlet,n a plunger member having its upper end slidably mounted in the bore of the core member, spring means normally urging the inner Vend of lsaid plunger against the valve to cause the same Ato close the inlet, a magnet coil wound about the core member and adapted, upon energization, to attractthe plunger upwardly and permit opening of the.v inlet, and readily adjustable means for limiting the movement of said plunger. i

i9. A device of the character described,

, comprising a chamber, a fuel supply inlet connectible with the chamber, van outlet leading from the chamber, a valve adapted to seat in the mouth of said inlet, a centrally bored core member having its inner end communicating with the interior of said chamber, a plunger having its upper'end slidably mounted in the bore of said core,'a head member mounted on the inner end of the plunger, spring means normally urging the head member against the valve' rto-close said inlet, and means for moving the plunger against said spring to permit the movement of the valve free of the inlet.

l0; A device of the character described, comprising a chamber', a fuel supply inlet connectible with the chamber, an outlet leading from the chamber, a valve adapted to seat in the mouthref said inlet, a centrally bored core member having its inner end communicating withV the interior of Vsaid chamber,a plunger having its upper end slidably mounted in the bore of said core, a

Veonncctible with the chamber, an outlet lead-l ing from' the chamber, a valve adapted to seatl in the mouth of said inlet, a centrally bored core member having its inner end communicating with the interior of said chamber, a plungerhaving its upper end slidably mounted in the bore of .said core, a head member of non-corrosive metal mounted on the inner endl of the plunger, spring means normally urging the yhead member against the valve to close said inlet, a magnet coil wound around said core member a-nd adapted, upon energization, to attractthe plunger member therein again-st said spring to open the inlet. f i

l2. A devicey of the character. described, comprising a chamber, a fuel supplyfinlet connectible with the chamber, an outlet leading from the chamber, a valve adapted to scat in the mouth of said inlet, a centrally 'bored cere member having its innerend communicating with the interior' of Vsaid chamber, a. plunger having its upper end slidably mounted in the bore of said core, head member vof non-corrosive metal mounted on Vcoil wound around said core member and adapted, upon energization,V to att 'act the plunger member therein against said spring to open the inlet, said plunger being of magnctic material and being magnetized, upon energization of said coil, to attract the valve thereto Vand move the same therewith from the inlet. v Y i 13. A device of the characterdescribed, comprising a chamber, a fuel inlet connectible with Vthe chamber, an outlet leading therefrom, means for heating fuel in said chamber, the fuel particles vaporized by said heating means passing outwardly through the'outlet, and a tubular stem member having an opening communicating with the liquid fuel in the container and its upper outlet end disposed in said outlet whereby the heavier Vunvaporized particles of fuel are drawn into the outlet and atomized.

Vlll. A device of the character described, comprising a chamber', a fuel inlet connectible lwith the chamber, an out-let leading therefrom, means for heating fuel in said chamber, the fuel particles vaporizedby said heating means` passing outwardly 'the inner end of the plunger, spring means normally urging the head member against' through: theV outlet, a tubi'ilar. stem member liaa'fing an? openingcoinmunicating' with the liquidi fuel in tl'ie-cont'ainer and itsupper outlet end. disposed? in said outlet wherebyl the? hea-vien unvapoifize'd. particles of fuel are dlrawninto the outletand atoniiv'edyand means for supplying airlvto'th'e chamber to becommingled. with the va-porizedfandfato# mi-Zed': fiiel.

15. device of the charac-tei" described,V

compris-ing a chamber, a. vfuel inlet connect ible with JChe chamber, an outlet leading therefrom, a venturi 'in' saidl outlet, ait'ubu'- lar stem extended intov said outlet IWith its' outer end positionedinthe venturi adjacent the pointrof:maximum constriction and its inner' end= communicating with the fuel in said' chamber, andi means for reducing the" lighter particles of fuel into vapor, said vaporized fuel enteringthe venturi aroui'id,y

particles of fuel into vapor, said vaporized ,l

fuel entering the venturi around said tubulai' stem and the heavier particles of fuel being drawn through the tubular stem andcommingling With the vapoiized fuel, and means adjacent-said outlet for supplying air to the mixture.

17. A device of the character described, comprising a chamber, a fuel inlet connectible with the chamber, an outlet leading therefrom, a venturi in said outlet, a tubu# lar stem extended into said outlet WithV its outer end positioned in the venturi adjacent the point of maximum constriction and its inner end communicating Withtlie fuelrin said chamber, means for reducing the lighter particles of fuel into vapor, said vaporized fuel entering the venturi around said tubular stein and the heavier particles of fuel being drawn through the tubular stem and commingling With the vaporized fuel, means adjacent said outlet for supplying air to the mixture, and means operable to close said outlet.

18. An appliance of the character described, comprising a chamber, meansifor supplying fuel to tlie chamber and including an inlet, an outlet leading from the chamber, a valve seat in the outlet, a free floating valve iii the outlet and normally7 held by gravity in a position free of the outlet, suction on the outlet drawing the valve to'en'gageiiient vii-ith*y the seat and? continued',

suctionholtlingthe'v saine in? outlet closngf position,"and magnetic inea-ns operable.tox

secure'y the valve in its. normal posidifonv against the influence of suction atlfthe out` let.

19. AnV appliance ofv the chai'facterfdee scribed, comprising a chamber, means vfor supplying fuel t'ogthe cham-ber, anwoutlet leading from the 'chamber' and' iiicliidinfgfV 'ai .tubular core, a'valve seat acenttlie Aout'ei end 'portion of the core,'a valvefmeinbeif'of magnetic -inaterialfreel Within .thebore ofthe core,ia-stop in said core borebel'ow the' valve' seat and -against'-ivliichthe valvev member Vnormally` rests, the valve member being" drawn from the stop to engagement vvitli said seat to .close the outlet upon the crea-L tion` of a suction inthe'outleteand' ii'iagnfeti'c'f means operable to attractk the valve member' and hold Vthe same inV engagementl With the` stop against the closing effects ofsuct'ion created in the outlet. l A s 20de.,devicegof the character" described, comprising a fuel chamber,"mealnsfori'supe fuel to the chamber, means locatedi i Wholly Within for'vap'orizing the li-gliter* particles ofthe fuel, means for `aton'iiz'infgf"`V the heavier. particles of the fuel, andy an outlet leading from the chamber and through which the vaporized and atomized j portions of fuel pass.

21. A vdevice of the character described,

comprising a fuel chamber, means for supplying fuelto the chamber, means located Wholly Within forvaporizing the lighter particles of the fuel, means for atomizing the heavier particles ofthe fuel, an outlet leading from the chamber and through Which the vaporized and vatomized portions of fuel pass, and means located adjacent the outlet end of said chamber for `supplying air to the vaporized andiatomized particles of fuel to form a combustible mixture.

22. A device of the character described,

lcomprising a fuel chamber, means for supplying fuel to y'the chamber, means for vaiio porizing the lighter particles of the fuel,

means for atomizing the heavier particles of the fuel, an outlet leading from the chamber and through which the vaporized and atomized portions of fuel pass, means located adjacent the outlet end of said chamber for supplying air to the vaporized and atomized particles'of fuel to form a combustible mixture, and a venturi in the outlet for effecting the thorough commingling of the particles of fuel and the air,

23. A device of the character described, comprising an elongated substantially horizontal chamber, means positioned at one end of the chamber for supplying fuel thereto,

an outlet leading` from the other endof theV chamber, heating means'positioned with the chamber medially of the inlet and outlet, said iso particles of'fuel and discharging the atomized particles into the outlet to be coni-y mingled With the vaporized particles.

V'24:.wA deviceof the character described,

` comprising an elongated substantially'horizontal'chamber, means positioned at one end of the. chamber for supplying fuel thereto, an outlet leading from the other end of the chamber, heating means positioned With the chamber -medialIyof the inlet and outlet,

f-said heating means vaporizing the lighter particles of fuel and said vaporized particles y passing freely from thechamber through the outlet, means for atoinizing the heavy Vparticles of fuel and discharging the atomized particles 'into the outlet to be con'imingled YWith the Vaporizedparticles, and means for introducing tlie-air to coniiiningle with the Vaporized and atomized Jparticles of fuel.

` 25. Afdevice ofthe ,character described,

comprising a chamber, a fuel supply inlet engageable with the chamber, an outlet leading from the chamber, a floating valvemem.- berladapted to seat in the moutliof the out-V let, a magnetic plunger forming an armature',

means urging theplunger to normally engage the floating yalve and yieldably secure the same in position closing the mouth of energization to freev the armature of said valve member, said plunger. being mag-H netized Hby energization of the coil and attracting the valve thereto to movethe'same With ittto a position free ofthe inlet.

Y 26, A device ofthe character described, comprising a chamber, a fuel supply inlet engageable With the chamber, van .outlet leading fioin the chamber, a floating valve ysaid inlet, and a magnetic coil adapted upon member vadapted to seatin the mouth-of the outlet, a magnetic plunger forming an armature, a tip of non-magnetic material secured on the'end of the plunger and vengageable. with the valve member, means yleldably urg- I ing the plunger against' the Valve Inemben-` and a magnetic coil adapted upon energization to free the armature of said Valve member, said plunger being magnetized by ener-4 vgization of the coil and attracting the valve thereto to move the samevwithit to a position` free of the inlet. I

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

MITCHELL MACKIE. 

